![]() Income change source was not reported in 46♳% of studies, typically where income fluctuations were measured over time in panel data. A sizeable minority (37♵%) focused on income changes in low SEP populations, with 20♶% measuring the effect of moves across a meaningful poverty or subsistence threshold (either explicitly reported as such or representing a large change in an exclusively low SEP population appendix p 6). Most studies (61♰%) reported on income changes without specifying their size, but 30♱% specifically reported effects of large income changes (>20% change, or described as large by study authors), and 8♸% small income changes. References were de-duplicated in Endnote (version X9) and imported to Covidence for screening. We included randomised and non-randomised quantitative studies, with the latter category including any non-randomised study design (eg, case-control, cohort, or natural experiment studies) provided comparison was made between an exposed and unexposed group. All mental health (eg, depression or anxiety) or wellbeing (eg, life satisfaction or happiness) outcomes were eligible for inclusion (details on classification are in the appendix p 2). Exposure or intervention of interest was change in household or individual income from any source, compared to no equivalent income change. ![]() Our population of interest was working-age adults (aged 16–64 years). ![]() See the appendix for full details on the search terms ( appendix p 14). Search terms included “mental health”, depression, anxiety, “anxiety disorder”, wellbeing, “quality of life”, “life satisfaction”, “psychological distress” AND income NEAR change. No date limits were applied to the search. Searches of peer-reviewed and relevant grey literature (eg, economics working papers and academic theses) were done using MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ASSIA, EconLIT, and RePEc on Feb 5, 2020, using a strategy developed with an information specialist ( appendix p 14). The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific.The Lancet Regional Health – Southeast Asia.The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology.
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